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What Is the First Thing I Should Do After a House Fire?

Last updated October 25, 2026

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The short answer

Get Everyone Out and Stay Out

Your immediate priority is the safety of everyone in the home. If you can leave safely, do so right away. Do not stop to grab belongings or put out the fire yourself. Once you are outside, call 911 if you have not already and wait for the fire department to give the all-clear.

Do not re-enter the building until the fire department or another official tells you it is safe. Fires can weaken floors and walls, and there may be hidden hazards like hot embers or toxic smoke. Even if the fire looks small, the structure could be unstable.

Contact Your Insurance Company

After you are safe, call your insurance company to report the fire. Have your policy number and a list of what you remember about your home and belongings ready. The claims process can take time, so starting it early helps you get the ball rolling.

Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered. Ask your insurance company what documentation they need, such as photos of the damage or receipts for lost items. They may also help arrange temporary housing if your home is unlivable.

  • Take photos of the damage from outside if it is safe
  • Keep a list of damaged or destroyed items
  • Save receipts for any emergency purchases
  • Ask about temporary housing coverage
  • Keep a log of all conversations with your insurer

Secure the Property

Once the fire department gives the all-clear, you may need to secure your home to prevent further damage. Board up broken windows and doors, and cover holes in the roof with a tarp if you can do so safely. This keeps rain, animals, and vandals out while you sort out repairs.

If you live in an area with harsh weather, protecting your home from the elements matters. Use plywood or heavy plastic to cover openings. If you are not able to do this yourself, ask a neighbor or friend for help, or wait for a professional to assist.

Understand Smoke and Soot Damage

Smoke and soot can affect every surface in your home, even areas the fire did not touch. Soot is oily and acidic, and it can stain walls, fabrics, and electronics. Do not try to clean soot yourself with regular cleaners, as this can make the damage worse and spread the residue.

The pros who handle fire restoration use specialized equipment and techniques to remove smoke odor and soot from surfaces. They may also clean your ductwork and HVAC system to prevent the smell from lingering. This kind of work requires training and the right tools, so it is not a DIY job.

Document Everything for Your Claim

Your insurance claim depends on the evidence you provide. Take detailed notes about the fire, including the date, time, and what you saw. Photograph or video every room, even if the damage is not visible. List every item you lost, with approximate values if you can.

Keep all receipts for anything you buy after the fire, such as clothing, food, or lodging. These may be reimbursable under your policy. Your insurance company will likely send an adjuster to inspect the damage, so having your documentation organized helps the process go more smoothly.

Talk to someone now

Water keeps spreading into floors and walls, so it is worth acting early. Calls are answered 24/7.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I clean soot myself?

It is wise to avoid cleaning soot yourself. Regular household cleaners can smear soot and push it deeper into surfaces. The pros have specialized products and methods to remove soot safely. If you must touch something, wear gloves and a mask, and avoid spreading the residue.

What should I do with food that was in the house?

Throw away any food that was exposed to heat, smoke, or fire. Even sealed containers may be unsafe because high temperatures can cause bacteria to grow. The fire department may tell you what is safe, but when in doubt, discard it. Do not taste food to check it.

How long does it take to recover after a house fire?

Recovery time varies greatly depending on the extent of the fire and smoke damage. It can take weeks to months for repairs and cleaning. Your insurance company and the pros you hire will give you a better timeline after they assess the damage. Focus on safety and take it one step at a time.

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